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Startup Economics13 min read

From $0 to $10M ARR: Engineering Economics at Every Stage

What you measure at seed is different from Series A, which is different from growth.

By Richard Ewing·

Stage-Dependent Framework

Seed ($0-500K): Track velocity to learning. Take debt aggressively. R&D: 60-80% of burn.

Series A ($500K-2M): Track cost to acquire/serve. Start paying down revenue-critical debt. R&D: 80-120% of revenue.

Series B ($2M-10M): Track engineering efficiency. Allocate 20-25% to debt remediation. R&D: 40-60%.

Growth ($10M+): Track R&D ROI. Full economic model. Maintain PDI below 1.5. R&D: 20-35%.


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Published Work

This article expands on ideas from my published work in CIO.com, Built In, Mind the Product, and HackerNoon. View published articles →

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Richard Ewing

The Product Economist — Quantifying engineering economics for technology leaders, PE firms, and boards.