Who is Richard Ewing?

Richard Ewing is a Product Economist and AI Capital Auditor. He is the Founder of Exogram, a verification infrastructure for AI. He audits R&D spend and surfaces hidden capital risks like technical debt, AI cost overruns, and zombie infrastructure. He has scaled B2B SaaS from $0 to $25M ARR. Published in CIO.com, Built In, Mind the Product, and HackerNoon.

What is a Product Economist?

A Product Economist treats product decisions as economic decisions. Instead of measuring velocity or story points, a Product Economist measures Return on Invested Capital (ROIC), Cost of Goods Sold efficiency, and technical debt in dollar terms. The methodology was coined by Richard Ewing.

What is the Technical Insolvency Date?

The Technical Insolvency Date (TID) is the specific quarter where maintenance costs consume 100% of available engineering capacity, reducing feature velocity to zero. Calculate yours free at richardewing.io/tools/pdi.

Exogram is verification infrastructure for AI, founded by Richard Ewing. It prevents hallucination propagation with admissibility control planes and state-hashing commit enforcement. LLMs generate language; Exogram maintains reality.

How do I calculate technical debt cost?

Use the free Product Debt Index (PDI) calculator at richardewing.io/tools/pdi to quantify hidden technical debt in dollar terms, calculate your Technical Insolvency Date, and benchmark against industry standards.

How much does AI cost per query?

AI costs range from $0.0001/query for small models to $0.10+/query for frontier models like GPT-4. Use the free AI Unit Economics Benchmark (AUEB) at richardewing.io/tools/aueb to calculate your specific AI cost structure.

Engineering & Architecture

2 min read

What is eBPF?

TL;DR

eBPF (Extended Berkeley Packet Filter) is a revolutionary Linux kernel technology that allows developers to run sandboxed, high-performance programs directly inside the operating system kernel without changing kernel source code or loading vulnerable modules.

⚡ eBPF at a Glance

📂

Category: Engineering & Architecture

⏱️

Read Time: 2 min

🔗

Related Terms: 3

❓

FAQs Answered: 1

✅

Checklist Items: 5

🧪

Quiz Questions: 6

📊 Key Metrics & Benchmarks

2-6 weeks

Implementation Time

Typical time to implement eBPF practices

2-5x

Expected ROI

Return from properly implementing eBPF

35-60%

Adoption Rate

Organizations actively using eBPF frameworks

2-3 levels

Maturity Gap

Average gap between current and target state

30 days

Quick Win Window

Time to see first measurable improvements

6-12 months

Full Impact

Time for comprehensive eBPF transformation

eBPF completely dominates the 2025/2026 cloud-native landscape. Because eBPF sits at the kernel level, it observes every network packet, system call, and execution metric in a massive kubernetes" class="text-cyan-400 hover:text-cyan-300 underline underline-offset-2 decoration-cyan-500/30 transition-colors">Kubernetes cluster with near-zero performance overhead.

It is the foundational technology powering modern high-performance cloud security, container networking (Cilium), and deep system observability" class="text-cyan-400 hover:text-cyan-300 underline underline-offset-2 decoration-cyan-500/30 transition-colors">observability" class="text-cyan-400 hover:text-cyan-300 underline underline-offset-2 decoration-cyan-500/30 transition-colors">observability" class="text-cyan-400 hover:text-cyan-300 underline underline-offset-2 decoration-cyan-500/30 transition-colors">observability tools.

💡 Why It Matters

eBPF allows deep, comprehensive system observation and security enforcement across thousands of containers without requiring engineers to inject heavy, slow sidecar proxies into their applications.

🛠️ How to Apply eBPF

Step 1: Assess — Evaluate your organization's current relationship with eBPF. Where is it strong? Where are the gaps?

Step 2: Define Goals — Set specific, measurable targets for eBPF improvement aligned with business outcomes.

Step 3: Build Plan — Create a phased implementation plan with clear milestones and ownership.

Step 4: Execute — Implement changes incrementally. Start with high-impact, low-risk improvements.

Step 5: Iterate — Measure results, learn from outcomes, and continuously refine your approach to eBPF.

✅ eBPF Checklist

Assess your organization's current eBPF maturityIdentify quick wins for eBPF improvementCreate a 90-day eBPF action planAssign ownership for eBPF initiativesMeasure and report progress quarterly

📈 eBPF Maturity Model

Where does your organization stand? Use this model to assess your current level and identify the next milestone.

Initial

14%

No formal eBPF processes. Ad-hoc and inconsistent across the organization.

Developing

29%

Basic eBPF practices adopted by some teams. Documentation exists but is incomplete.

Defined

43%

eBPF processes standardized. Training available. Metrics established but not yet optimized.

Managed

57%

eBPF measured with KPIs. Continuous improvement active. Cross-team consistency achieved.

Optimized

71%

eBPF is a strategic advantage. Automated where possible. Data-driven decision making.

Leading

86%

Organization sets industry standards for eBPF. Published thought leadership and benchmarks.

Transformative

100%

eBPF drives business model innovation. Competitive moat. External recognition and awards.

⚔️ Comparisons

eBPF vs.	eBPF Advantage	Other Approach
Ad-Hoc Approach	eBPF provides structure, repeatability, and measurement	Ad-hoc requires zero upfront investment
Industry Alternatives	eBPF is tailored to your specific organizational context	Alternatives may have larger community support
Doing Nothing	eBPF creates measurable, compounding improvement	Status quo requires zero effort or change management
Consultant-Led Only	eBPF builds internal capability that scales	Consultants bring external perspective and benchmarks
Tool-Only Solution	eBPF combines process, culture, and measurement	Tools provide immediate automation without culture change
One-Time Project	eBPF as ongoing practice delivers compounding returns	One-time projects have clear scope and end date

🔄

How It Works

Visual Framework Diagram

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ eBPF Framework │ ├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │ │ │ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ │ │ │ Assess │───▶│ Plan │───▶│ Execute │ │ │ │ (Where?) │ │ (What?) │ │ (How?) │ │ │ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────┬───────┘ │ │ │ │ │ ┌──────▼───────┐ │ │ ◀──── Iterate ◀────────────│ Measure │ │ │ │ (Results?) │ │ │ └──────────────┘ │ │ │ │ 📊 Define success metrics upfront │ │ 💰 Quantify impact in financial terms │ │ 📈 Report progress to stakeholders quarterly │ │ 🎯 Continuous improvement cycle │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

🚫 Common Mistakes to Avoid

Implementing eBPF without executive sponsorship

⚠️ Consequence: Initiatives stall when competing with feature work for resources.

✅ Fix: Secure VP+ sponsor who can protect budget and prioritize the initiative.

Treating eBPF as a one-time project instead of ongoing practice

⚠️ Consequence: Initial improvements erode within 2-3 quarters without sustained effort.

✅ Fix: Embed into regular rituals: quarterly reviews, team OKRs, and reporting cadence.

Not measuring eBPF baseline before starting

⚠️ Consequence: Cannot demonstrate improvement. ROI narrative impossible to build.

✅ Fix: Spend the first 2 weeks establishing baseline measurements before any changes.

Copying another company's eBPF approach without adaptation

⚠️ Consequence: Context mismatch leads to poor results and wasted effort.

✅ Fix: Use frameworks as starting points. Adapt to your team size, stage, and culture.

🏆 Best Practices

✓

Start with a 90-day pilot of eBPF in one team before rolling out

Impact: Validates approach, builds evidence, and creates internal champions.

✓

Measure and report eBPF impact in financial terms to leadership

Impact: Ensures continued investment and executive support for the initiative.

✓

Create a eBPF playbook documenting processes, tools, and decision frameworks

Impact: Enables consistency across teams and reduces onboarding time for new team members.

✓

Schedule quarterly eBPF reviews with cross-functional stakeholders

Impact: Maintains momentum, surfaces issues early, and keeps the initiative visible.

✓

Invest in training and certification for eBPF across the organization

Impact: Builds internal capability and reduces dependency on external consultants.

📊 Industry Benchmarks

How does your organization compare? Use these benchmarks to identify where you stand and where to invest.

Industry	Metric	Low	Median	Elite
Technology	eBPF Adoption	Ad-hoc	Standardized	Optimized
Financial Services	eBPF Maturity	Level 1-2	Level 3	Level 4-5
Healthcare	eBPF Compliance	Reactive	Proactive	Predictive
E-Commerce	eBPF ROI	<1x	2-3x	>5x

🌐

Explore the eBPF Ecosystem

Pillar & Spoke Navigation Matrix

⚖️ Flagship Advisory

PDI Diagnostic

Product Debt Index

Quantify the hidden economic liability of eBPF across your architecture using the world's leading valuation impact framework.

Deploy Tool

$10k Value

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

Why is eBPF better than traditional monitoring agents?

Traditional agents run in the user space and require context-switches, which slow down the software. eBPF runs at the absolute lowest kernel level natively safely, achieving unprecedented visibility with almost no performance tax.

🧠 Test Your Knowledge: eBPF

Question 1 of 6

What is the first step in implementing eBPF?

Need Expert Help?

Richard Ewing is a Product Economist and AI Capital Auditor. He helps companies translate technical complexity into financial clarity.

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